3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency
Last updated 17 May 2021
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3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency is an inherited condition that causes neurological problems. Beginning in infancy to early childhood, children with this condition often have delayed development of mental and motor skills (psychomotor delay), speech delay, involuntary muscle cramping (dystonia), and spasms and weakness of the arms and legs (spastic quadriparesis). Affected individuals can also have optic atrophy, which is the breakdown (atrophy) of nerve cells that carry visual information from the eyes to the brain.
Description
3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency is an inherited condition that causes neurological problems. Beginning in infancy to early childhood, children with this condition often have delayed development of mental and motor skills (psychomotor delay), speech delay, involuntary muscle cramping (dystonia), and spasms and weakness of the arms and legs (spastic quadriparesis). Affected individuals can also have optic atrophy, which is the breakdown (atrophy) of nerve cells that carry visual information from the eyes to the brain.
In some cases, signs and symptoms of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency begin in adulthood, often in a person's twenties or thirties. These individuals have damage to a type of brain tissue called white matter (leukoencephalopathy). This damage likely contributes to progressive problems with speech (dysarthria), difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), stiffness (spasticity), optic atrophy, and a decline in intellectual function (dementia).
Affected individuals who show symptoms of 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency in childhood often go on to develop leukoencephalopathy and other neurological problems in adulthood.
All people with 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency accumulate large amounts of a substance called 3-methylglutaconic acid in their body fluids. As a result, they have elevated levels of acid in their blood (metabolic acidosis) and excrete large amounts of acid in their urine (aciduria). 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency is one of a group of metabolic disorders that can be diagnosed by the presence of increased levels 3-methylglutaconic acid in urine (3-methylglutaconic aciduria). People with 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency also have high urine levels of another acid called 3-methylglutaric acid.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal recessive. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type I
3-MG-CoA-hydratase deficiency
AUH defect
MGA, type I
MGA1
MGCA1
Primary 3-methylglutaconic aciduria
Further reading and references
- 3-methylglutaconyl-CoA hydratase deficiency; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Eriguchi M, Mizuta H, Kurohara K, Kosugi M, Yakushiji Y, Okada R, Yukitake M, Hasegawa Y, Yamaguchi S, Kuroda Y. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type I causes leukoencephalopathy of adult onset. Neurology. 2006 Nov 28;67(10):1895-6. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000244467.01362.54. No abstract available.
- IJlst L, Loupatty FJ, Ruiter JP, Duran M, Lehnert W, Wanders RJ. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type I is caused by mutations in AUH. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Dec;71(6):1463-6. doi: 10.1086/344712. Epub 2002 Nov 14.
- Mercimek-Mahmutoglu S, Tucker T, Casey B. Phenotypic heterogeneity in two siblings with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria type I caused by a novel intragenic deletion. Mol Genet Metab. 2011 Nov;104(3):410-3. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2011.07.021. Epub 2011 Jul 26.
- Wortmann SB, Duran M, Anikster Y, Barth PG, Sperl W, Zschocke J, Morava E, Wevers RA. Inborn errors of metabolism with 3-methylglutaconic aciduria as discriminative feature: proper classification and nomenclature. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2013 Nov;36(6):923-8. doi: 10.1007/s10545-012-9580-0. Epub 2013 Jan 8.
- Wortmann SB, Kluijtmans LA, Engelke UF, Wevers RA, Morava E. The 3-methylglutaconic acidurias: what's new? J Inherit Metab Dis. 2012 Jan;35(1):13-22. doi: 10.1007/s10545-010-9210-7. Epub 2010 Sep 30.
- Wortmann SB, Kluijtmans LA, Rodenburg RJ, Sass JO, Nouws J, van Kaauwen EP, Kleefstra T, Tranebjaerg L, de Vries MC, Isohanni P, Walter K, Alkuraya FS, Smuts I, Reinecke CJ, van der Westhuizen FH, Thorburn D, Smeitink JA, Morava E, Wevers RA. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria--lessons from 50 genes and 977 patients. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2013 Nov;36(6):913-21. doi: 10.1007/s10545-012-9579-6. Epub 2013 Jan 25.
- Wortmann SB, Kremer BH, Graham A, Willemsen MA, Loupatty FJ, Hogg SL, Engelke UF, Kluijtmans LA, Wanders RJ, Illsinger S, Wilcken B, Cruysberg JR, Das AM, Morava E, Wevers RA. 3-Methylglutaconic aciduria type I redefined: a syndrome with late-onset leukoencephalopathy. Neurology. 2010 Sep 21;75(12):1079-83. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181f39a8a.
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