البرازيل

ملف حقائق عن البلد

يجب استخدام المعلومات الموجودة في هذه الصفحات للبحث عن المخاطر الصحية ولإبلاغ استشارة ما قبل السفر.

Travellers should check the صفحة نصائح السفر الخاصة بالدول من مكتب الخارجية والكومنولث والتنمية (FCDO) (where available) which provides information on travel entry requirements in addition to safety and security advice.

يجب على المسافرين ترتيب موعد مع أخصائي الرعاية الصحية الخاص بهم قبل السفر بأربعة إلى ستة أسابيع على الأقل. ومع ذلك، حتى إذا كان الوقت قصيرًا، فإن تحديد موعد لا يزال يستحق العناء. يوفر هذا الموعد فرصة لتقييم المخاطر الصحية مع مراعاة عدد من العوامل بما في ذلك الوجهة، والتاريخ الطبي، والأنشطة المخطط لها. بالنسبة لأولئك الذين يعانون من مشاكل صحية موجودة مسبقًا، يُوصى بتحديد موعد مبكر.

All travellers should ensure they have تأمين صحي مناسب للسفر.

قائمة بالموارد المفيدة بما في ذلك نصائح حول كيفية تقليل مخاطر بعض المشاكل الصحية متاحة أدناه.

الموارد

• نظافة الطعام والماء

• تجنب لدغات الحشرات والقراد

• السلامة الشخصية

• الحماية من الشمس

يتم تقديم تفاصيل توصيات ومتطلبات التطعيم أدناه.

جميع المسافرين

Travellers should be up to date with routine vaccination courses and boosters as موصى به في المملكة المتحدة. These vaccinations include for example لقاح الحصبة والنكاف والحصبة الألمانية (MMR) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-polio vaccine.

لا يتم تقديم توصيات خاصة بالدول بشأن الدفتيريا هنا. يتم دمج لقاحات الدفتيريا والتيتانوس وشلل الأطفال في لقاح واحد في المملكة المتحدة. لذلك، عندما يُوصى بجرعة معززة من التيتانوس للمسافرين، يتم إعطاء لقاح الدفتيريا أيضًا. في حال حدوث تفشي للدفتيريا في بلد ما، سيتم تقديم إرشادات بشأن لقاح الدفتيريا.

Those who may be at increased risk of an infectious disease due to their work, lifestyle choice, or certain underlying health problems should be up to date with additional recommended vaccines. See details on the selective immunisation programmes and additional vaccines for individuals with underlying medical conditions at the bottom of the 'جدول التطعيم الروتيني الكامل' document and the individual chapters of the 'Green Book' التطعيم ضد الأمراض المعدية for further details.

متطلبات الشهادة

• لا توجد متطلبات لشهادات بموجب اللوائح الصحية الدولية.

• There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in parts of Brazil (see ‘Some Travellers’ section below).

معظم المسافرين

اللقاحات في هذا القسم موصى بها لمعظم المسافرين الذين يزورون هذا البلد. يمكن العثور على معلومات حول هذه اللقاحات بالنقر على السهم الأزرق. يتم سرد اللقاحات أبجديًا.

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A is a viral infection transmitted through contaminated food and water or by direct contact with an infectious person. Symptoms are often mild or absent in young children, but the disease can be more serious with advancing age. Recovery can vary from weeks to months. Following hepatitis A infection immunity is lifelong.

الوقاية

All travellers should take care with personal, food and water hygiene.

Hepatitis A vaccination

As hepatitis A vaccine is well tolerated and affords long-lasting protection, it is recommended for all previously unvaccinated travellers.

Hepatitis A in brief

الكزاز

Tetanus is caused by a toxin released from Clostridium tetani bacteria and occurs worldwide. Tetanus bacteria are present in soil and manure and may be introduced through open wounds such as a puncture wound, burn or scratch.

الوقاية

يجب على المسافرين تنظيف جميع الجروح بعناية وطلب الرعاية الطبية للإصابات مثل عضات/خدوش الحيوانات، الحروق أو الجروح الملوثة بالتربة.

التطعيم ضد التيتانوس

• يجب أن يكون المسافرون قد أكملوا دورة تطعيم الكزاز وفقًا للجدول الزمني في المملكة المتحدة.

• إذا كنت تسافر إلى بلد أو منطقة قد تكون فيها المرافق الطبية محدودة، يُوصى بأخذ جرعة تعزيزية من لقاح يحتوي على التيتانوس إذا كانت الجرعة الأخيرة قد أُخذت قبل أكثر من عشر سنوات، حتى لو تم إعطاء خمس جرعات من اللقاح سابقًا.

Country-specific information on medical facilities may be found in the 'health' section of the نصائح السفر للخارج من FCDO pages.

التيتانوس بإيجاز

Typhoid

Typhoid is a bacterial infection transmitted through contaminated food and water. Previous typhoid illness may only partially protect against re-infection.

Vaccination is recommended for most travellers, particularly travellers visiting friends and relatives, those in contact with an infected person, young children, frequent or long-stay travellers visiting areas where sanitation and food hygiene are likely to be poor, and laboratory personnel who may handle the bacteria for their work.

الوقاية

All travellers should take care with personal, food and water hygiene.

Typhoid vaccination

• Oral and injectable typhoid vaccinations are available.

Typhoid in brief

بعض المسافرين

اللقاحات في هذا القسم موصى بها لبعض المسافرين الذين يزورون هذا البلد. يتم سرد اللقاحات أبجديًا.

Chikungunya

Chikungunya is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which bite mainly during daytime hours. It causes a flu-like illness and can cause severe joint and muscles pains which usually improve in 1–2 weeks but may persist for months or years. It is rarely fatal.

There is a risk of chikungunya in this country.

سيتم الإبلاغ عن المعلومات المتعلقة بالتفشيات الحالية، حيثما توفرت، في قاعدة بيانات مراقبة التفشيات لدينا.

الوقاية

• يجب على المسافرين تجنب لدغات البعوض، خاصة خلال ساعات النهار.

Chikungunya vaccination

Vaccination may be considered for individuals aged 12 years of age and over who are:

• travelling to regions with a current chikungunya outbreak

• long-term or frequent travellers to regions with an increased risk of chikungunya

• exposed to the chikungunya virus through their work, such as laboratory staff working with the virus

Detailed advice about the use and contraindications of the available vaccines will be available in the green book chikungunya chapter in the coming months. For now, please see the JCVI news item and Chikungunya in brief for details.

حمى الضنك

حمى الضنك هي عدوى فيروسية تنتقل عن طريق البعوض الذي يتغذى بشكل رئيسي خلال ساعات النهار. تسبب مرضًا يشبه الإنفلونزا، والذي يمكن أن يتطور أحيانًا إلى مرض أكثر خطورة يهدد الحياة. حمى الضنك الشديدة نادرة في المسافرين.

There is a risk of dengue in this country.

سيتم الإبلاغ عن المعلومات المتعلقة بالتفشيات الحالية، حيثما توفرت، في قاعدة بيانات مراقبة التفشيات لدينا.

الوقاية

• يجب على المسافرين تجنب لدغات البعوض، خاصة خلال ساعات النهار.

Dengue vaccination

Vaccination can be considered for individuals aged 4 years of age and older who have had dengue infection in the past and who are:

• travelling to areas where there is a risk of dengue infection or areas with an ongoing outbreak of dengue, or

• exposed to dengue virus through their work, such as laboratory staff working with the virus

Exceptionally, vaccination can be considered in those who have not had dengue in the past. In these situations, further expert advice should be considered. Detailed guidance on how to ascertain previous infection is available in the UK Health Security Agency Immunisation against infectious disease the 'Green book'. The final decision on vaccination rests with the health professional and the traveller after a detailed risk assessment has been performed and the potential risks of vaccination explained.

نبذة عن حمى الضنك

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B is a viral infection spread through blood, semen and vaginal fluids. This mostly occurs during sexual contact or as a result of blood-to-blood contact (for example from contaminated equipment during medical and dental procedures, tattooing or body piercing procedures, and sharing of intravenous needles). Mothers with the virus can also pass on the infection to their baby during childbirth.

This country is considered to have an intermediate or high prevalence of hepatitis B.

الوقاية

Travellers should avoid contact with blood or body fluids. This includes:

• Avoiding unprotected sexual intercourse.

• Avoiding tattooing, piercing, public shaving, and acupuncture (unless sterile equipment is used).

• Not sharing needles or other injection equipment.

• Following universal precautions if working in a healthcare or other higher risk setting.

A sterile medical equipment kit may be helpful when travelling to resource poor areas.

Hepatitis B vaccination

Vaccination could be considered for all travellers and is recommended for those whose activities or medical history put them at increased risk. This includes:

• Those who may have unprotected sex.

• Those who may be exposed to contaminated needles through injecting drug use.

• Those who may be exposed to blood or body fluids through their work (e.g. health and aid workers).

• Those at high risk of requiring medical or dental procedures or hospitalisation e.g. those with pre-existing medical conditions, those who may require travelling for medical care abroad, or those travelling to visit families or relatives.

• Long-stay travellers.

• Those who are participating in contact sports.

• Families adopting children from this country.

Hepatitis B in brief

Rabies

Rabies is a viral infection which is usually transmitted following contact with the saliva of an infected animal most often via a bite, scratch or lick to an open wound or mucous membrane (such as on the eye, nose or mouth). Although many different animals can transmit the virus, most cases follow a bite or scratch from an infected dog. In some parts of the world, bats are an important source of infection.

Rabies symptoms can take some time to develop, but when they do, the condition is almost always fatal.

The risk of exposure is increased by certain activities and length of stay (see below). Children are at increased risk as they are less likely to avoid contact with animals and to report a bite, scratch or lick.

Rabies in Brazil

Rabies is considered a risk and has been reported in domestic animals in this country. Bats may also carry rabies-like viruses.

الوقاية

• Travellers should avoid contact with all animals. Rabies is preventable with prompt post-exposure treatment.

• Following a possible exposure, wounds should be thoroughly cleansed and an urgent local medical assessment sought, even if the wound appears trivial.

• Post-exposure treatment and advice should be in accordance with الإرشادات الوطنية.

تطعيم داء الكلب

A full course of pre-exposure vaccines simplifies and shortens the course of post-exposure treatment and removes the need for rabies immunoglobulin which is in short supply worldwide. Pre-exposure vaccinations are recommended for travellers whose activities put them at increased risk including:

• those at risk due to their work (e.g. laboratory staff working with the virus, those working with animals or health workers who may be caring for infected patients).

• those travelling to areas where access to post-exposure treatment and medical care is limited.

• those planning higher risk activities such as running or cycling.

• long-stay travellers (more than one month).

نبذة عن داء الكلب

Tuberculosis

TB is a bacterial infection most commonly affecting the lungs but can affect any part of the body. When a person with TB in their lungs or throat coughs or sneezes, they could pass TB on to other people. TB is curable but can be serious if not treated.

The BCG vaccination helps to protect some people, particularly babies and young children who are at increased risk from TB.

This country has reported an annual TB incidence of greater than or equal to 40 cases per 100,000 population at least once in the last five years (further details).

الوقاية

Travellers should avoid close contact with individuals known to have infectious pulmonary (lung) or laryngeal (throat) TB.

Those at risk during their work (such as healthcare workers) should take appropriate infection control and prevention precautions.

Tuberculosis (BCG) vaccination

BCG vaccine is recommended for those at increased risk of developing severe disease and/or of exposure to TB infection. See UK Health Security Agency Immunisation against infectious disease, the 'Green Book'.

For travellers, BCG vaccine is recommended for:

• Unvaccinated, children under 16 years of age, who are going to live for more than 3 months in this country. A tuberculin skin test is required prior to vaccination for all children from 6 years of age and may be recommended for some younger children.

• Unvaccinated, tuberculin skin test-negative individuals at risk due to their work such as healthcare or laboratory workers who have direct contact with TB patients or potentially infectious clinical material and vets and abattoir workers who handle animal material, which could be infected with TB.

There are specific contraindications to BCG vaccine. Health professionals must be trained and assessed as competent to administer this vaccine intradermally.

Following administration, no further vaccines should be administered in the same limb for 3 months.

The BCG vaccine is given once only; booster doses are not recommended.

Tuberculosis in brief

Yellow fever

Yellow fever is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes that predominantly feed between dawn and dusk but may also bite at night, especially in the jungle environment. Symptoms may be absent or mild, but in severe cases, it can cause internal bleeding, organ failure and death.

Yellow fever in Brazil

There is a risk of yellow fever transmission in parts of this country (see below).

الوقاية

Travellers should avoid mosquito bites at all times.

Yellow fever vaccination

Vaccination is recommended for travellers aged 9 months and older travelling to:

• The states of Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Distrito Federal (including the capital Brasília), Espirito Santo, Goiás, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Pará, Paraná (including Iguazu Falls), Piaui, Rio de Janeiro (including Rio de Janeiro city), Rio Grande do Sul, Rondônia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, São Paulo (including São Paulo City), and Tocantins.

• Designated areas (see map below) in Bahia State.

Vaccination is not recommended for the cities of Fortaleza, Recife, and for other areas not listed above.

The yellow fever vaccine is not suitable for all travellers; there are specific undesirable effects associated with it. This vaccine is only available at registered yellow fever vaccination centres. Health professionals should carefully assess the risks and benefits of the vaccine and seek specialist advice if necessary.

Yellow fever in brief

Yellow fever vaccine recommendation map for Brazil

• Click on map to open in a new window.

Malaria is a serious illness caused by infection of red blood cells with a parasite called Plasmodium. The disease is transmitted by mosquitoes which predominantly feed between dusk and dawn.

Symptoms usually begin with a fever (high temperature) of 38°C (100°F) or more. Other symptoms may include feeling cold and shivery, headache, nausea, vomiting and aching muscles. Symptoms may appear between eight days and one year after the infected mosquito bite.

Prompt diagnosis and treatment is required as people with malaria can deteriorate quickly. Those at higher risk of malaria, or of severe complications from malaria, include pregnant women, infants and young children, the elderly, travellers who do not have a functioning spleen and those visiting friends and relatives.

الوقاية

Travellers should follow an ABCD guide to preventing malaria:

• تwareness of the risk – Risk depends on the specific location, season of travel, length of stay, activities and type of accommodation.

• لite prevention – Travellers should take mosquito bite avoidance measures.

• حhemoprophylaxis – Travellers should take antimalarials (malaria prevention tablets) if appropriate for the area (see below). No antimalarials are 100% effective but taking them in combination with mosquito bite avoidance measures will give substantial protection against malaria.

• Diagnosis – Travellers who develop a fever of 38°C (100°F) or higher more than one week after being in a malaria risk area, or who develop any symptoms suggestive of malaria within a year of return should seek immediate medical care. Emergency standby treatment may be considered for those going to remote areas with limited access to medical attention.

Risk areas

• There is a low risk of malaria in the Amazon basin of Brazil, including in the city of Manaus: awareness of risk and bite avoidance recommended.

• There is a very low risk of malaria in the rest of Brazil: awareness of risk and bite avoidance recommended.

• There is no risk of malaria in Iguaçu Falls: bite avoidance recommended.

Special risk groups

In low risk areas, antimalarials may be considered in exceptional circumstances for travellers who are at higher risk of malaria (such as long term travellers visiting friends and relatives), or of severe complications from malaria (such as the elderly [over 70 years], the immunosuppressed, those with complex co-morbidities, pregnant women, infants, and young children). The final decision whether or not to advise antimalarials rests with the travel health advisor and the traveller after individual risk assessment.

Travellers with an absent or poorly functioning spleen should be dissuaded from travel to any area with risk of malaria. Where travel is essential, awareness, rigorous bite avoidance, and antimalarials should be advised even for the low-risk areas. For the areas regarded as ‘very low’ malaria risk, antimalarials would not be advised, but bite avoidance and awareness of risk would still apply.

For special risk groups, you may wish to seek specialist advice. For the low risk areas in this country/area, atovaquone/proguanil OR doxycycline OR mefloquine would be suitable options.

Antimalarial recommendations map

• Click on map to open in a new window.

الموارد

• Malaria in brief

• Malaria factsheet

• تجنب لدغات الحشرات والقراد

• Children's antimalarial dose table

• Malaria prevention guidelines for travellers from the UK

هناك بعض المخاطر التي تهم جميع المسافرين بغض النظر عن الوجهة. قد تشمل هذه المخاطر على سبيل المثال حوادث المرور والحوادث الأخرى، الأمراض التي تنتقل عن طريق الحشرات أو القراد، الأمراض التي تنتقل عن طريق الطعام والماء الملوثين، أو المشاكل الصحية المتعلقة بالحرارة أو البرد.

يتم ذكر بعض المخاطر الإضافية (التي قد تكون موجودة في كل أو جزء من هذا البلد) أدناه وتُعرض بترتيب أبجدي.

Altitude

There is a risk of altitude illness when travelling to destinations of 2,500 metres (8,200 feet) or higher. Important risk factors are the altitude gained, rate of ascent, and sleeping altitude. Rapid ascent without a period of acclimatisation puts a traveller at higher risk.

There are three syndromes; acute mountain sickness (AMS), high-altitude cerebral oedema (HACE), and high-altitude pulmonary oedema (HAPE). HACE and HAPE require immediate descent and medical treatment.

Altitude illness in Brazil

There is a point of elevation in this country higher than 2,500 metres.

الوقاية

• Travellers should spend a few days at an altitude below 3,000m.

• Where possible travellers should avoid travel from altitudes less than 1,200m to altitudes greater than 3,500m in a single day.

• Ascent above 3,000m should be gradual. Travellers should avoid increasing sleeping elevation by more than 500m per day and ensure a rest day (at the same altitude) every three or four days.

• Acetazolamide can be used to assist with acclimatisation, but should not replace gradual ascent.

• Travellers who develop symptoms of AMS (headache, fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, and sleep disturbance) should avoid further ascent. In the absence of improvement or with the progression of symptoms, the first response should be to descend.

• Development of HACE or HAPE symptoms requires immediate descent and emergency medical treatment.

Altitude illness in brief

الحشرات القارضة أو القراد

يمكن أن تسبب لدغات الحشرات أو القراد تهيجًا وعدوى في الجلد في موقع اللدغة. كما يمكنها أيضًا نقل بعض الأمراض.

Diseases in South America

There is a risk of insect or tick-borne diseases in some areas of South America. This includes diseases such as American Trypanosomiasis (Chagas Disease), داء الليشمانيات, and فيروس غرب النيل.

الوقاية

• يجب على جميع المسافرين تجنب لدغات الحشرات والقراد نهارًا وليلاً.

• لا توجد لقاحات (أو أدوية) للوقاية من هذه الأمراض.

Further information about specific insect or tick-borne diseases for this country can be found, if appropriate, on this page, in other sections of the country information pages, and the نشرة حقائق حول تجنب لدغات الحشرات والقراد.

الإنفلونزا

Seasonal influenza is a viral infection of the respiratory tract and spreads easily from person to person via respiratory droplets when coughing and sneezing. Symptoms appear rapidly and include fever, muscle aches, headache, malaise (feeling unwell), cough, sore throat, and a runny nose. In healthy individuals, symptoms improve without treatment within two to seven days. Severe illness is more common in those aged 65 years or over, those under 2 years of age, or those who have underlying medical conditions that increase their risk for complications of influenza.

Seasonal influenza in Brazil

تحدث الإنفلونزا الموسمية في جميع أنحاء العالم. في نصف الكرة الشمالي (بما في ذلك المملكة المتحدة)، تحدث معظم حالات الإنفلونزا من بداية أكتوبر حتى مارس. في نصف الكرة الجنوبي، تحدث الإنفلونزا غالبًا بين أبريل وسبتمبر. في المناطق الاستوائية، يمكن أن تحدث الإنفلونزا على مدار السنة.

الوقاية

يجب على جميع المسافرين:

• Avoid close contact with symptomatic individuals.

• Avoid crowded conditions where possible.

• Wash their hands frequently.

• Practise ‘cough hygiene’: sneezing or coughing into a tissue and promptly discarding it safely, and washing their hands.

• Avoid travel if unwell with influenza-like symptoms.

• يتوفر لقاح في ظروف معينة (انظر أدناه)*

*In the UK, seasonal influenza vaccine is offered routinely each year to those at higher risk of developing severe disease following influenza infection and certain additional groups such as healthcare workers and children as part of the UK national schedule (see معلومات عن التطعيم). بالنسبة لأولئك الذين لا ينتمون إلى هذه الفئات، قد يتوفر التطعيم بشكل خاص.

If individuals at higher risk of severe disease following influenza infection are travelling to a country when influenza is likely to be circulating, they should ensure they received a flu vaccination in the previous 12 months.

The vaccine used in the UK protects against the strains predicted to occur during the winter months of the northern hemisphere. It is not possible to obtain vaccine for the southern hemisphere in the UK, but the vaccine used during the UK influenza season should still provide important protection against strains likely to occur during the southern hemisphere influenza season and in the tropics.

إنفلونزا الطيور

يمكن لفيروسات إنفلونزا الطيور أن تصيب البشر وتسبب لهم المرض نادرًا. عادة ما ترتبط هذه الحالات بالتعرض المباشر لمجموعات الطيور أو الحيوانات المصابة. عند الاقتضاء، ستكون المعلومات حول هذه الحالات متاحة في أقسام التفشي والأخبار في صفحات الدول المعنية. لن توفر لقاحات الإنفلونزا الموسمية الحماية ضد إنفلونزا الطيور.

نبذة عن إنفلونزا الطيور

جودة الهواء الخارجي

تعتبر جودة الهواء الرديئة مشكلة صحية عامة كبيرة في العديد من مناطق العالم. يرتبط التعرض لمستويات عالية من تلوث الهواء على مدى فترات زمنية قصيرة (مثل الدقائق/الساعات/الأيام) وفترات زمنية أطول (مثل السنوات) بالعديد من المشاكل الصحية الحادة والمزمنة المختلفة. تؤثر هذه الآثار بشكل رئيسي على الجهاز التنفسي (الرئتين والمجاري الهوائية) والجهاز القلبي الوعائي (وظيفة القلب والدورة الدموية).

Current information on world air quality is available from the مشروع مؤشر جودة الهواء العالمي.

الوقاية

يجب على المسافرين الذين يعانون من مشاكل صحية قد تجعلهم أكثر عرضة لتأثيرات تلوث الهواء والذين يسافرون إلى مناطق ذات تلوث عالٍ أن:

• discuss their travel plans with their doctor, and carry adequate supplies of their regular medication.

• take sensible precautions to minimise their exposure to high levels of air pollution.

• check local air quality data and amend their activities accordingly.

• take notice of any health advisories published by the local Ministry of Health and Department for Environment, and follow the guidance provided.

من غير الواضح ما إذا كانت الأقنعة الوجهية مفيدة في تقليل التعرض وقد تجعل التنفس أكثر صعوبة للأشخاص الذين يعانون من حالات رئوية موجودة مسبقًا. يجب على أولئك الذين يختارون استخدامها التأكد من أن القناع يناسب بشكل جيد ومعرفة كيفية ارتدائه بشكل صحيح.

جودة الهواء الخارجي باختصار

Schistosomiasis

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection. Schistosoma larvae are released from infected freshwater snails and can penetrate intact human skin following contact with contaminated freshwater. Travellers may be exposed during activities such as wading, swimming, bathing or washing clothes in freshwater streams, rivers, or lakes.

Schistosomiasis infection may cause no symptoms, but early symptoms can include a rash and itchy skin ('swimmer's itch'), fever, chills, coughing, or muscle aches. If not treated, it can cause serious long-term health problems such as intestinal or bladder disease.

There is a risk of schistosomiasis in this country.

الوقاية

• There is no vaccine or tablets to prevent schistosomiasis.

• All travellers should avoid wading, swimming, or bathing in fresh water. Swimming in adequately chlorinated water or sea water is not a risk for schistosomiasis.

• Drink water that is boiled, filtered, or bottled.

• Application of insect repellent before exposure to fresh water, or towel drying after possible exposure to schistosomiasis are not reliable in preventing infection.

• All travellers who may have been exposed to schistosomiasis should have a health check to test for schistosomiasis infection.

Schistosomiasis in brief

الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a group of viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections spread during sexual intercourse or by intimate contact. Certain STIs can be more difficult to treat due to higher levels of antibiotic resistance and some STIs that are rare in the UK may be more common in other world regions.

أي شخص نشط جنسيًا معرض لخطر الإصابة بعدوى منقولة جنسيًا أينما كان في العالم.

المخاطر أعلى للمسافرين الذين:

• have sex without a condom

• have sex with new or casual partners

• engage in sex tourism

• have sex under the influence of drugs or alcohol

تختلف أعراض الأمراض المنقولة جنسيًا حسب نوع العدوى؛ قد تسبب بعض الحالات أعراضًا خفيفة أو غير ملحوظة. إذا ظهرت الأعراض، فقد تشمل طفح جلدي، إفرازات، حكة، بثور، تقرحات أو ثآليل في المناطق التناسلية و/أو الشرجية، ألم عند التبول وأعراض تشبه الإنفلونزا.

If left untreated, STIs can cause serious long-term health issues such as fertility problems, pelvic inflammatory disease, and pregnancy complications.

الوقاية

استخدام الواقيات الذكرية بشكل منتظم وصحيح مع الشركاء الجدد أو العابرين هو الطريقة الأكثر فعالية لتقليل خطر الإصابة بالأمراض المنقولة جنسياً.

يمكن للمسافرين أيضًا تقليل خطر الإصابة بالأمراض المنقولة جنسيًا عن طريق:

• ensuring they are up to date for all UK recommended vaccines, including if appropriate السيلان, التهاب الكبد B, جدري القرود, and الورم الحليمي البشري (HPV) كوفيد-19

• considering الوقاية قبل التعرض لفيروس نقص المناعة البشرية (PrEP) if appropriate

يجب على المسافرين طلب المشورة الطبية وتقديم تاريخ سفرهم إذا كانوا يعتقدون أنهم قد يكون لديهم عدوى منقولة جنسيًا، حتى لو لم تظهر عليهم أي أعراض. كما ينبغي عليهم إجراء اختبار للعدوى المنقولة جنسيًا إذا كانوا قد مارسوا الجنس بدون واقيات ذكرية مع شريك جديد أو عابر أثناء السفر.

In the UK اختبار الأمراض المنقولة جنسياً is free and confidential.

Zika virus

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a viral infection spread by mosquitoes which predominantly feed during daytime hours. A small number of cases of sexual transmission of ZIKV have also been reported. Most people infected with ZIKV have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, they are usually mild and short-lived. Serious complications and deaths are not common. However, ZIKV is a cause of Congenital Zika Syndrome (microcephaly and other congenital anomalies) and neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome.

There is a risk of Zika virus in this country. Details of specific affected areas within this country are not available, but information on current outbreaks where available will be reported on our outbreak surveillance database.

Pregnant women should discuss the suitability of travel and the potential risk that Zika virus may present with their health care provider.

الوقاية

• All travellers should avoid mosquito bites, particularly during daytime hours.

• There is no vaccination or medication to prevent Zika virus infection.

• Women should avoid becoming pregnant while travelling in this country, and for 2 months (8 weeks) after their last possible Zika virus exposure* (see below if the male partner has travelled).

• If a woman develops symptoms compatible with Zika virus infection, it is recommended she avoids becoming pregnant for a further 2 months following recovery.

• Women who visited this country while pregnant, or who become pregnant within 2 months after their last possible Zika virus exposure*, should contact their GP, obstetrician, or midwife for further advice, even if they have not been unwell.

Please note, screening of returning travellers without Zika virus symptoms is not available on the NHS. Couples planning pregnancy in the very near future should consider whether they should avoid travel to a country or area with a risk of Zika virus rather than delay conception for the recommended period (see below) after travel. This particularly includes couples in assisted fertility programmes.

Prevention of sexual transmission

Couples should follow guidance on prevention of sexual transmission of Zika virus and avoid conception as follows:

• If both partners travelled, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure.*

• Male traveller only, for 3 months after last possible Zika virus exposure.*

• Female traveller only, for 2 months after last possible Zika virus exposure.*

See further information for pregnant women, their partners, and couples planning pregnancy.

*Last possible Zika virus exposure is defined as the later of either the date of leaving a country or area with risk for Zika virus transmission or the date on which unprotected sexual contact with a potentially infectious partner took place.

See detailed guidance on factors to consider when assessing the risk of Zika virus.

Zika virus in brief

المصدر وإخلاء المسؤولية

تستند معلومات الصحة السفرية هذه إلى بيانات مقدمة من NaTHNaC (الشبكة والمركز الوطني للصحة السفرية). جميع حقوق الملكية الفكرية في البيانات مملوكة لـ NaTHNaC. لا يجوز نسخها أو إعادة إنتاجها أو توزيعها أو تعديلها أو عرضها للبيع دون موافقة خطية مسبقة من NaTHNaC.
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