التطعيم الخاص ضد مرض المكورات السحائية B: من قد يفكر فيه وكيف يعمل

What is MenB and why is it important?

MenB refers to a specific strain of Neisseria meningitidis - the bacteria that can cause التهاب السحايا and septicaemia.

In most people, these bacteria live harmlessly in the nose and throat without causing illness. However, in rare cases they can enter the bloodstream and lead to serious infection.

When this happens, the disease can develop rapidly and may become life-threatening within hours.

It can cause:

• التهاب السحايا - an infection of the lining of the brain and spinal cord.

• تسمم الدم - a bloodstream infection that can lead to تعفن الدم.

Although meningococcal disease is uncommon, MenB has historically been one of the most common causes of bacterial meningitis in the UK.

The overall number of meningococcal cases in the UK is low compared with many other infectious diseases.

However, MenB continues to account for a significant proportion of cases, particularly among infants, teenagers and young adults.

Rates vary from year to year, and clusters can occasionally occur in settings such as universities, where close contact and shared living spaces can increase transmission.

While the risk to most people remains small, the potential severity of the illness is why vaccination is often considered.

The MenB vaccine (Bexsero) was introduced into the UK childhood immunisation programme in 2015.

Babies are offered the vaccine at 8 weeks, 16 weeks, and again at 12 months. This programme has led to a substantial reduction in MenB cases among young children.

For most people, the risk of meningococcal disease is low. However, some people choose to consider private vaccination for additional reassurance.

This is often discussed in the context of students starting university, young adults who did not receive childhood vaccination, and those concerned about local cases or outbreaks.

The MenB vaccine is available privately through private GP clinics, some pharmacies, and travel vaccination clinics.

Before vaccination, a healthcare professional will usually review your medical history and explain the benefits and potential side effects.

For teenagers and adults, the vaccine is usually given as two injections, spaced at least one month apart.

The cost typically ranges from £80 to £150 per dose. As two doses are usually required, the total cost may be between £160 and £300.

The MenB vaccine is considered safe. Common side effects include:

• Pain at the injection site.

• Mild fever.

• الصداع.

• الإرهاق.

These usually resolve within a few days. Serious allergic reactions are extremely rare.

The vaccine provides protection against many strains of meningococcal group B bacteria, although it does not cover every variant.

It has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of invasive MenB disease.

The MenACWY vaccine protects against strains A, C, W and Y, but not MenB. The MenB vaccine specifically targets group B bacteria.

Some people consider having both vaccines to broaden protection.