STXBP1 encephalopathy
آخر تحديث 1 Mar 2023
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STXBP1 encephalopathy is a condition characterised by abnormal brain function (encephalopathy) and intellectual disability. Most affected individuals also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy). The signs and symptoms of this condition typically begin in infancy but can start later in childhood or early adulthood. In many affected individuals who have epilepsy, the seizures stop after a few years, and the other neurological problems continue throughout life. However, some people with STXBP1 encephalopathy have seizures that persist.
الوصف
STXBP1 encephalopathy is a condition characterised by abnormal brain function (encephalopathy) and intellectual disability. Most affected individuals also have recurrent seizures (epilepsy). The signs and symptoms of this condition typically begin in infancy but can start later in childhood or early adulthood. In many affected individuals who have epilepsy, the seizures stop after a few years, and the other neurological problems continue throughout life. However, some people with STXBP1 encephalopathy have seizures that persist.
In people with STXBP1 encephalopathy, intellectual disability is often severe to profound. In addition, speech and motor skills, such as sitting, crawling, and walking, can be delayed. Though they may acquire the skill late, many children with the condition can walk independently by age 5. Affected individuals usually learn their first words later than their peers, sometimes not until late childhood. Some can communicate verbally using simple sentences, while others never develop the skill.
About 85 percent of people with STXBP1 encephalopathy develop epilepsy. The most common seizures in this condition are infantile spasms, which occur before age 1 and consist of involuntary muscle contractions. Other seizure types that can occur in people with this condition include uncontrolled muscle twitches (myoclonic seizures), sudden episodes of weak muscle tone (atonic seizures), partial or complete loss of consciousness (absence seizures), or loss of consciousness with muscle rigidity and convulsions (tonic-clonic seizures). Most people who have STXBP1 encephalopathy have more than one type of seizure. In about one-quarter of affected individuals, the seizures are described as refractory because they do not respond to therapy with anti-epileptic medications.
Other neurological problems that occur in people with STXBP1 encephalopathy include features of autism spectrum disorder; weak muscle tone (hypotonia); and movement problems, such as difficulty coordinating movements (ataxia), involuntary trembling (tremors), and muscle stiffness (spasticity). In some cases, areas of brain tissue loss (atrophy) have been found on medical imaging.
Inheritance patterns
The source lists the following possible inheritance patterns: Autosomal dominant. More than one pattern can apply in different cases.
Related genes
Other names
DEE4
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 4
Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, type 4
Early-infantile epileptic encephalopathy 4
EIEE4
STXBP1 encephalopathy with epilepsy
STXBP1 epileptic encephalopathy
STXBP1-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy
STXBP1-related early-onset encephalopathy
STXBP1-related epileptic encephalopathy
Related patient information and medicines
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فشل الكبد
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اضطراب تعاطي الكحول
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قراءة إضافية ومراجع
- STXBP1 encephalopathy; MedlinePlus, National Library of Medicine.
- Abramov D, Guiberson NGL, Burre J. STXBP1 encephalopathies: Clinical spectrum, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic strategies. J Neurochem. 2021 Apr;157(2):165-178. doi: 10.1111/jnc.15120. Epub 2020 Aug 4.
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تاريخ المقال
المقال متاح أيضًا باللغة الإنجليزية, الألمانية, إسبانية, الفرنسية, إيطالي, البرتغالية, الهندية, العبرية, العربية ,، و السويدية.
1 Mar 2023 | أحدث إصدار
1 Jul 2017 | نُشر في الأصل
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