نظام غذائي لحصى المرارة: الأطعمة التي يجب تناولها وتجنبها

ما هي حصوات المرارة؟

Gallstones occur when bile - which is normally fluid - forms stones in your gallbladder. This is the organ that sits beneath your liver. Most commonly, gallstones contain lumps of fatty, cholesterol-like material that has solidified and hardened.

You can have just a few small stones or a great many. Occasionally, just one large stone is formed.

ما مدى شيوع حصوات المرارة؟

About one in three women and one in six men form gallstones at some stage in their lives. Gallstones become more common as you get older.

دور المرارة في الهضم

The gallbladder plays a part in the digestion of food. It collects and stores bile, then releases the bile into the small intestine when food enters the small intestine from your stomach. This helps with the digestion of food because your gallbladder contains bile salts and other substances which break down fat.

The bile duct, which connects your gallbladder to your small intestine, can become blocked by gallstones.

The stone may cause a blockage and make it difficult for the bile to be released from your bile duct.

النظام الغذائي لحصى المرارة

الأطعمة التي يمكن تناولها مع حصوات المرارة

There is no specific gallstones diet, but eating a healthy balanced diet that's very low in fat can help with symptoms.

يشمل ذلك:

• الكثير من الفواكه والخضروات - aim to have at least five portions each day.

• Plenty of starchy carbohydrates - examples include bread, rice, cereals, pasta, potatoes, chapattis, and plantain. Choose wholegrain varieties where possible.

• بعض الحليب ومنتجات الألبان - 2-3 portions per day. Choose very low-fat dairy products.

• Some meat, fish, eggs, and alternatives - such as beans and pulses.

• Limited amounts of foods high in fats and sugars - limit saturated fat that is found in animal products, such as butter, ghee, cheese, meat, cakes, biscuits, and pastries. Replace these with unsaturated fats found in non-animal products, such as sunflower, rapeseed and olive oil, avocados, nuts, and seeds. But remember that unsaturated fats can also trigger gallstone pain.

• تأكد من أن نظامك الغذائي غني بـ الألياف - this can be found in beans, pulses, fruit and vegetables, oats, and wholegrain products, such as bread, pasta, and rice.

• Drink plenty of fluid - at least two litres daily, such as water or herbal teas.

هل يمكن لنظام غذائي لحصى المرارة أن يعالج أعراضى؟

معظم الأشخاص الذين يعانون من حصوات المرارة سيخضعون لعملية جراحية لإزالة المرارة في عملية تسمى استئصال المرارة. ومع ذلك، فإن تناول نظام غذائي منخفض الدهون من المحتمل أن يقلل من الأعراض أثناء انتظارك للعملية. وذلك لأن الأطعمة الدهنية تحفز المرارة على إفراز الصفراء في الأمعاء الدقيقة.

Once you have had the operation there is no need to follow any particular diet, although of course it is always a good idea to eat as healthily as possible.

If you are overweight, attaining a healthy weight will be beneficial. However, it is important to do this gradually, as rapid weight loss has been associated with the development of gallstones. A safe weight loss of 1-2 pounds - 0.5 to 1 kilograms - per week is recommended.

تقليل الدهون

A high-fat diet and fatty foods can sometimes cause discomfort and painful symptoms. They may also cause fatty poos (steatorrhoea), which are oily, pale, and smelly. Steatorrhoea is a sign that fat is not being digested properly.

Here are some ways to cut down on fat in your diet.

ملاحظة: many processed foods that are low in fat can contain high amounts of sugar. Check the labels for high-sugar products and try to keep these to a minimum. A product that is high in sugar contains more than 10 grams of sugar per 100 grams.

Reduced-fat, light and low-fat are not the same thing. If a product is low-fat, this means that the product contains 3 grams or fewer of fat per 100 grams and is actually low in fat. A reduced-fat product does not mean that the product is necessarily low in fat. It means that the product contains 25% less fat than the original product, which is usually a very high-fat product, such as mayonnaise or Cheddar cheese.

هذا مشابه للمنتجات "الخفيفة"، التي تحتوي على حوالي ثلث السعرات الحرارية أقل من المنتج الأصلي، أو 50% أقل من الدهون. لذلك، حافظ على هذه المنتجات في الحد الأدنى عند اختيار المنتجات قليلة الدسم أو الأخف.

كيفية الوقاية من حصوات المرارة

You can also reduce your chance of developing gallstones through what you eat.